# A Shuffled Deck of Cards is Random?

**URL:** <https://discourse.peacefulscience.org/t/a-shuffled-deck-of-cards-is-random/1744>\
**Category:** Side Conversation\
**Created:** [September 20, 2018, 3:11am UTC](https://discourse.peacefulscience.org/t/a-shuffled-deck-of-cards-is-random/1744 "2018-09-20T03:11:08Z")\
**Posts on this page:** 1\
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**Author:** ![Ashwin\_s](https://sea2.discourse-cdn.com/flex016/user_avatar/discourse.peacefulscience.org/ashwin_s/32/4017_2.png) [@Ashwin\_s](https://discourse.peacefulscience.org/u/Ashwin_s)\
**Post date:** [September 20, 2018, 3:23am UTC](https://discourse.peacefulscience.org/t/a-shuffled-deck-of-cards-is-random/1744/4 "2018-09-20T03:23:16Z")

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> [@Perry Marshall: What is Random?](https://discourse.peacefulscience.org/t/perry-marshall-what-is-random/1419/76):
>
> Except mutations are biased in some important ways towards beneficial mutations

This is pretty much what Shapiro is arguing.  
He doesn’t say stochastic processes are not involved.  
His point of view seems to be that the organism has built in systems that promote the emergence of adaptive mutations.  
That’s a marked contrast to how I have heard many evolutionary biologists talk about the process of change.

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