A Shuffled Deck of Cards is Random?

He seems to ignore the point that these same mechanisms produce neutral and detrimental mutations. Outside of some very specific cases (e.g. CRISPR/Cas9), there are no known mechanisms that specifically create a beneficial mutation in direct response to an environmental cue. Instead, mutations happen throughout the genome and the beneficial changes are selected for through natural selection. What Shapiro describes is entirely within the current theory of evolution.

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