Ye just spotted that too.
Millions of mutations separate different dog breeds. Yet in the new thread on Ewert’s dependency graph we are told that:
In contrast, the standard evolutionary framework provides no insight into how echolocation is implemented in different mammals. The commonly accepted evolutionary tree requires echolocation to have evolved independently three times as illustrated in Ewert (2023), Figure 1. Yet the maximum possible time for the evolution of a fully aquatic mammal or a bat is insufficient for more than two coordinated mutations to appear. Any evolutionary scenario for echolocation would require far more than two coordinated mutations (here ,here ), so evolution fails to explain this trait’s origin even once, let alone multiple times.
Just two “coordinated” mutations are impossible in millions of years they say. Just to be clear, a coodinated set of mutations is merely where the effect of one mutation depends on the presence of another mutation. So they are saying of the millions that have fixed in different dog breeds, not a single one could possibly have an epistatic interaction with another.
Now consider that the majority of mutations are known to have epistatic interactions, and that their fitness effects depend both on genetic background and environment.