Are Arguments from Incredulity Valid?

FWIW, the “incredulous stare” argument does come up in serious philosophy; it is used against a position which “does not accord with our deepest intuitions about reality.” The linked article refers to Lewis’s position that all possible worlds are real. Such a stare also sometimes used against panpsychism (even eg a rock has some sort of subjective experience) and against the many worlds interpretation of QM (every event which causes a wave function branch creates a new world, as encoded in the universal wave function).

You also see incredulity used against Dennett’s view that conscious experience is an illusion, although such incredulity is most often based on a misunderstanding of his position:

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