On the Use of the Term "Creationism" in Popular Debate in the Past Century or So

I’ll ignore your justification of for not citing your source. You could have quoted the block you quoted and told me what Day and Page of the Kitzmiller judgment it was from; or you could have quoted the block and given me the URL. I wasn’t complaining about your quoting the block; I was complaining only about your failure to say where you got it.

That’s fine, if you make that distinction and hold to it. But as you can see, Tim and Faizal are insisting that Behe actually said it, and thus dragging out the argument unnecessarily. If they had conceded right away that he didn’t say it, then we could have focused on the more interesting question about whether he believed it. But something about the ethos here makes it necessary to deny everything I say, just on principle. This, “Eddie says it, so let’s go out and deny it” habit is not adult behavior.

There are several separate questions here, which need to be distinguished. If you look closely at all that I have written over the years here, I have usually tried to distinguish them fairly precisely, but in these frictional free-for-alls, where people jump in from all directions, often slightly shifting the topic when they do so, I may have occasionally said things that aren’t as clear as they could have been. So let me restate:

1 – ID, as such, allows both front-loading and intervention as possible means of implementing design in nature. That is, they are both conceptually compatible with a designed world. (Whether front-loading is physically plausible, given what we know about genes, etc., is another question entirely.)

2 – Behe, when asked about the options, has confirmed that both front-loading and intervention are conceptually compatible with ID. (See article I have linked to many times.) He has also never explicitly chosen one over the other, but has chosen to represent them as possibilities without openly endorsing one of them.

3 – Behe has said a number of things about how evolution works which lead a number of his readers to think that he favors the interventionist model, i.e., God tinkers with evolution, altering the natural course of events.

Now, to be clear about my own view, I think there are grounds in certain of Behe’s phrases for thinking he personally favors the interventionist model. So if people want to argue, “This statement of Behe doesn’t make sense unless he is envisioning some kind of divine tinkering,” I have no objection to that, provided that they can make a good case. I believe that this is what T. aquaticus has been saying all along. And I’m not saying he’s wrong. He may be right. I’ve only been opposing his habit of representing his inference (about where Behe’s thought logically leads) as something Behe has asserted. What Behe has asserted is nowhere near so clear.

George is convinced that Behe advocates a front-loaded model. I would not go that far. I would say that Behe allows a front-loaded model. I don’t think we can be sure that Behe personally endorses such a model.

I’d prefer never to talk about qualifications and experience, but a number of people here, especially Burke, keep making false assertions about them. And they know I’m helpless to respond, without giving away my identity, which I don’t want to do. If others would drop all malicious attacks on my supposed lack of training, I could easily refrain from talking about my qualifications at all. I offer this as a deal, to spare future debates over this. However, I don’t expect Burke will accept any such deal, since it seems to be a necessary thing to him to pepper all his replies with “You don’t really know very much about this, do you?” and such expressions.

The quotation specified “Darwinian mechanisms” and “neo-Darwinian processes”, not “evolution” (which under front-loading would not proceed by “Darwinian” mechanisms). The point is that if evolutionary change were limited to what Darwinian mechanisms can do, evolutionary change would need a supernatural boost to produce the goods. However, if evolutionary change proceeds by a different method, it might well be that some front-loaded naturalistic path would be possible. Behe is here allowing both possibilities: (1) Darwinian mechanism supplemented by miracles, or (2) non-Darwinian, front-loaded evolution without miracles.

Again, it may well be that Behe conceives of evolution as proceeding by a combination of natural means (e.g., he grants neo-Darwinian mechanisms some capacity) and supernatural additions. If anyone here thinks that is his view, I won’t say they are wrong, as long as they admit that they have reached this conclusion by their own possibly fallible inferences and not found it in his direct statements.

But note that even if Behe is counted in the “interventionist” camp, that still confirms my overall analysis, i.e., that ID, as such allows for those who accept a macroevolutionary process, and further, that these people come in two variants:

1 – Those who think that evolutionary change is partly natural, maybe even mostly natural, but supplemented by some, possibly much, supernatural intervention;

2 – Those who think that evolutionary change is wholly natural, but set up so as to be end-directed.

And we would have Behe and Denton as examples of each.

So ID is not, as such, incompatible with the acceptance of macroevolution, even though it is incompatible with any wholly Darwinian account of how evolution works.

And of course I’ve already granted that most ID proponents do not accept macroevolution. So I’m in the minority among ID proponents. But our number includes some of the most illustrious ID people, Behe and Denton.

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@T_aquaticus

I can accept @Eddie assessment of my position. And I think he is correct in how he compares my position in contrast to your position.

How about you?

Behe did actually assert the things we’ve ascribed to him. Ample Behe quotes and interview transcripts have been provided to more than conclusively support the claim.

Eddie is just mad because no one wants to listen to his silly semantic arguments about word definitions.

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Meanwhile.

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I am insisting on no such thing. Do not lie.

You have made up your own arbitrary criteria for what would support my position, you have attributed that to me, then you are saying I have to substantiate that position when it was not a position have taken in the first place.

Who do you think you are fooling? No one, as is obvious from the comments from others. We’re not even half as stupid as you think we are.

And big freaking deal. You’re very, very concerned over what Behe has “asserted”, as opposed to what he might believe, or have implied, or what can be determined to be the logical entailments of the things he has asserted. Well, OK, if that is what you think is the important issue here, feel free to write comment after comment about this question that you insist is so very, very important.

Just don’t keep trying to insist that anyone else here gives a flying fig about this question, or has staked out any firm position on it, when it should be abundantly clear to someone as brilliant as you keep telling us you are that no one other than yourself has.

Clear?

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We disagree. Not much else to say.

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No, because Behe denies that evolution works the way current evolutionary theory says it does. And a front-loaded scenario involves a bias or tilt of nature toward the results we see, whereas the standard explanations involve no bias or tilt. I’m not saying that Behe endorses front-loading personally, but he’s aware that it goes hand-in-hand with a teleological bias. If front-loading is real, then evolutionary biology has not understood how evolution works, because the mechanisms it proposes are almost all non-teleological and incompatible with the billiard-ball precision which front-loading would require.

Yes to that part of your sentence. I make no comment on the speculation about motives, as the identification of motives was no part of my original claim.

Thank you.

Then don’t quote me providing the translation, and then say it’s wrong.

I read it. As I have pointed out, you have made a claim and provided no evidence for it. Why? You didn’t even take the context into account.

No. If you had read my post properly you would have found that I already quoted the Latin text myself, because I have the Latin text. What I want you to do is provide evidence that Aquinas means what you said he means; that he is not referring in this passage to the God in which he believes.

Here are three consecutive sentences from the first section.

Nulla igitur necessitas est ponere Deum esse.

Sed contra est, quod dicitur Exod. 3. ex persona Dei: Ego sum, qui sum .

Respondeo dicendum, quod Deum esse, quinque modis probari potest .

Please demonstrate that these three uses of the same noun have different referents.

In other words you totally forgot (or never knew), that he literally quoted the Bible. You didn’t actually say that “the argument makes no reference to the Bible”, you said that the passage where he makes the argument makes no reference to the Bible. It seems that now you want to modify that further to “The sentences in which he makes arguments for the existence of God make no reference to the Bible”.

It proves he’s using the word which Christians use specifically for God.

Exactly. So when he speaks of “the God [singular] that all men worship”, he cannot be referring to one God worshiped by all people, Christian or non-Christian. He can, on the other hand, be referring specifically to the one God worshiped by all Christians.

What Aquinas himself says he is trying to convey, is that this first mover is specifically the God of Exodus 3:14, which is precisely why he quotes it. Again you show no understanding of why he chooses this specific verse.

Of course there is. I studied the classical and medieval arguments for God in philosophy of religion at college. This doesn’t address the topic, which is specifically what Aquinas is trying to prove. How can you demonstrate that Aquinas is not trying to prove the existence of the Christian God?

It’s not irrelevant, because in your post you made exactly the same point I made; that he cannot be speaking of the heathen or their gods.

You seem to have completely forgotten what this is about. The original statement I made was "Traditional natural theology attempts to provide evidence supporting the Bible”. We both agree that traditional natural theology seeks to prove the existence of God without using divine revelation such as the Bible. But you contested my statement that "Traditional natural theology attempts to provide evidence supporting the Bible”. When are you going to start demonstrating that Aquiinas was not trying to provide evidence supporting the Bible?

He literally never says that. He never talks of a hypothetical philosopher, and he never says that it’s possible to reason that the God of natural theology can be the Lord God of the Bible. He literally says that the God of natural theology is the God of the Bible, specifically the God of Exodus 3:14.

We agree on that, remember? You are losing track of the argument again. By the way, you avoided quoting most of what that source said. Here it is again.

“Although the statement, which he wants to prove true, is a Scripture quote (Exodus 3,14: in the Vulgate translation Ego sum qui sum) he avoids using scriptural authority and endeavors to make his case on the basis of common reason.”, Klaus K. Klostermaier, “Vidyaranya Swami’s ‘Pañca Viveka’ and Thomas Aquinas’ ‘Quinque Viae’ in the Light of Today’s Science,” Journal of Hindu-Christian Studies 23.1 (2010), 7.

Note the part in bold, “the statement, which he wants to prove true, is a Scripture quote (Exodus 3,14: in the Vulgate translation Ego sum qui sum)”. Do you agree?

It isn’t irrelevant, and you’ve said nothing to even address this. Here’s the point again. > “In a famous instance of this causal reasoning in the early De Ente et Essentia, Aquinas calls the first cause of the act of existence, pure existence—esse tantum. Aquinas immediately recognizes it as Deus, the God of his belief.”, John F X Knasas, “PHILOSOPHY, GOD, AND AQUINAS,” Societal Studies. (2013): 36.

Note how Knasas identifies deus here as the God of Aquinas’ belief. And again.

“Hence, a first unmoved mover, in Aquinas’ eyes immediately identifiable with his Christian God, is reached.”, John F. X. Knasas, “Aquinas: Prayer to An Immutable God,” The New Scholasticism 57.2 (1983).

For Aquinas the first unmoved mover is by definition the Christian God. In Aquinas’ view God Himself declared by revelation that He is the first unmoved mover, in Exodus 3:14, which Aquinas identifies as a statement that God is the Aristotelian esse tantum.

“In the Summa Contra Gentiles I, at the end of Chapter 22, Aquinas indicates why this connection between his metaphysics and his faith is so easy for him. Aquinas understands God to have revealed “this sublime truth” to Moses when God told Moses at Exodus 3:13 that his name is, “I am who am; ego sum qui sum.””, John F X Knasas, “PHILOSOPHY, GOD, AND AQUINAS,” Societal Studies. (2013): 36.

That’s the whole reason why Aquinas quotes Exodus 3:14, a point you completely glossed over and are unable to explain.

I note you didn’t address these either.

“All five ways are probative for Aquinas, because all five can be understood as starting from observed sensible things in which existence is other than nature and as proceeding to existence identified with nature, which is the Judeo-Christian God as named in Exodus.”, Joseph Owens, Saint Thomas Aquinas on the Existence of God: The Collected Papers of Joseph Owens (SUNY Press, 1980), 137.

“The format of his Summa is key here. He begins each article with a question, followed by the major objections (arguments that can be answered), then an “On the contrary” that contains a supporting Biblical verse, and finally his answer and specific replies to the objections. In the case of the proofs for God St. Thomas cites the supporting verse Exodus 3:14: “I am Who am”. This is a perfect example of a faith-based answer, but one that is followed by five proofs made without falling back on religious authority.”, Heather Thornton Mcrae and James Mcrae, Revisiting Aquinas’ Proofs for the Existence of God. , ed. Robert Arp (BRILL, 2016), 33.

That’s very clear. Note how the Mcrae’s identify Exodus 3:14 as Aquinas’ “supporting verse”, indicating they view it as part of the evidence for this part of his argument.

I don’t see them as scare quotes. What he says is perfectly clear, and he doesn’t appear to be using the term “special creation” in a way which differs from the Discovery Institute.

I know you did. I am not disputing that. I am asking for all the Discovery Institute articles in which they argue for this form of evolutionary creationism. If there aren’t any, then clearly they don’t endorse it. However this does not mean they are neutral on it. The fact is there are Discovery Institute articles in which they address this form of evolutionary creationism. However those articles argue against it.

Meanwhile I note you have not contested this. So you agree that ID currently only exists in these forms?

  1. Creationism dressed up as ID.
  2. Non-science.

One more point. Where is this “ID theory” you keep talking about? Why have you not presented us with the ID hypothesis? There was an entire thread devoted specifically to it.

Tim has. I presented his precise words which prove it. T. aquaticus has also said it. So did Claudius.
And you jumped in to attack me when I challenged them. And now I think it’s time to end this pointless discussion.

Well that’s typically how ID proponents see things. Then we have a Catholic/Thomist view that needs no bias. God’s omniscience has it covered. It’s the battleline that separates those two camps.

http://guweb2.gonzaga.edu/faculty/calhoun/socratic/Tkacz_AquinasvsID.html/

God causes natural beings to exist in such a way that they are the real causes of their own operations. Indeed, if this were not the case, then it would not have been that God created this natural being, but some other. Salmon swim up stream to spawn. In creating such a natural being, God created a fish that reproduces in this way. If God created salmon without their natural reproductive agency, then he did not create salmon, but something else…

Now, if this distinction between the being of something and its operation is correct, then nature and her operations are autonomous in the sense that nature operates according to the way she is, not because something outside of her is acting on her. God does not act on nature the way a human being might act on an artifact to change it. Rather, God causes natural beings to be in such a way that they work the way they do. Hippopotamuses give live birth because that is the sort of thing they are. Why are there such things as Hippopotamuses? Well, nature produced them in some way. What way did nature produce them and why does nature produce things in this way? It is because God made the whole of nature to operate in this way and produce by her own agency what she produces. Thus, God remains completely responsible for the being and operation of everything, even though natural beings possess real agency according to the way they were created.

In light of this sketch of the Thomistic account of creation and natural cause, one can perhaps understand the reluctance of contemporary Thomists to rush to the defense of the Intelligent Designers. It would seem that Intelligent Design Theory is grounded on the Cosmogonical Fallacy. Many who oppose the standard Darwinian account of biological evolution identify creation with divine intervention into nature. This is why many are so concerned with discontinuities in nature, such as discontinuities in the fossil record: they see in them evidence of divine action in the world, on the grounds that such discontinuities could only be explained by direct divine action. This insistence that creation must mean that God has periodically produced new and distinct forms of life is to confuse the fact of creation with the manner or mode of the development of natural beings in the universe. This is the Cosmogonical Fallacy.

Omniscience isn’t enough. God has to not merely foresee but also foredetermine events. Otherwise, he’s not a Creator, but just an observer of what matter and energy happen to spit out.

Also, there are a variety of Catholic and Thomist views, not just one.

Jay Richards, Vincent Torley, and Michael Chaberek, O.P. are all Catholics who admire Thomas, and they don’t read Thomas the way Tkacz does.

You might also ask Tkacz why, if his interpretation of Thomas is correct, Thomas says man and the higher animals were directly created.

No, you just ignored my last comment which includes the Thomist explanation

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First off, I am discussing Behe’s position, not my position. Just in case there is any confusion.

The big tip off for me is that Behe appears to reject theistic evolution and evolutionary creationism which would be the divine mutations that were started with the Big Bang.

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Eddie finally realizes his silly semantic arguments haven’t swayed anyone, admits defeat. :slightly_smiling_face:

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Also, you went to great lengths to say that the view I presented was conceptual possible. Now you’re saying it isn’t. Can you see where a non ID supporter can get the idea that ID says one thing but really means another.

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I didn’t ignore it. Much of Tkacz’s exposition, I accept as correct. But Tkacz also believes that God never employed special creation, that all creatures have evolved by natural causes out of earlier ones without intervention. And Aquinas says the opposite: sometimes God has created creatures directly. Tkacz is entitled to say Aquinas is wrong, but he isn’t entitled to misrepresent the teaching of Aquinas.

For Torley’s detailed refutation of Tkacz on evolution and Aquinas, see:

http://www.angelfire.com/linux/vjtorley/thomas1.html

I’m sorry, but I’m not following you. Where have I done this? It would help if you would quote the passages that you think contradict each other, so I could see what you are thinking.

If J. Burke would stop peppering all his replies to me with personal digs, e.g., “You don’t really know very much about this, do you?,” and with overt and gauntlet-throwing expressions of doubt about my training, he would find that the number of times I refer to my qualifications drops correspondingly. But I doubt that he has enough maturity and self-restraint to try the experiment.

The majority of your claims about your qualifications have been addressed to other people, in attempts to convince them that you have special knowledge on the subject on which you are speaking. In most cases you are attempting to claim superior knowledge and experience to them. You have cited your qualifications and experience many times in order to try and assert your authority over others.

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Even if that is true, which I doubt, you could still reduce the number of times I make such statements by reducing your personal attacks on me. Why don’t you try it, and see? Or is your resentment toward me so strong that you can’t help yourself?