Here is a video about “The incompetence of evolution”, by biologist Rob Stadler and James Tour. Here they give observable, repeatable, etc. evidence that evolution is limited to about two mutations, especially if neither mutation confers a fitness advantage, that is about as far as it can get. Michael Behe would agree, in book “The Edge of Evolution”.
So this would be pertinent to two of Gerd Müller’s concerns mentioned in the opening post:
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Phenotypic novelty, i.e., the origin of new forms throughout the history of life (for example, the mammalian radiation some 66 million years ago, in which the major orders of mammals, such as cetaceans, bats, carnivores, enter the fossil record, or even more dramatically, the Cambrian explosion, with most animal body plans appearing more or less without antecedents).
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Non-gradual forms or modes of transition, where you see abrupt discontinuities in the fossil record between different types.
It appears evolution can’t get there! As there are millions of changes needed, according to Rob Stadler.