My philosophy textbooks are in storage so I will start a rudimentary list from memory. Perhaps the philosophers on this forum will help me out.
Is there any way of knowing that doesn’t depend upon scientific methodologies/empiricism? Yes.
- Ethical and moral conclusions are derived from logical reasoning and human moral proclivities and values.
- Historical truths are not based upon the scientific method.
- Philosophical truths are derived from logical reasoning and the application of basic intuitive facts.
- Mathematical truths are derived from purely logical reasoning. (And Boolean logic, for example, was an important bridge between classical philosophy and algebra.)
- Aesthetic propositions are not based upon the scientific method: “Escher’s drawings establish the fact that he was an artistic genius.”
- Valid teleological truths are not based upon the scientific method: “I gave you this gift because I wanted to make you happy.”
Also, the foundations of modern science were established by means of philosophers applying logic and their “methodologies of knowing” to develop and conform empiricism as an important tool in one subfield of philosophy applied to the physical world: Natural Philosophy. We place so much trust in empiricism because of the solid philosophical foundations upon which empiricism rests.