What is this, taken from Fossil Butte in Wyoming? The likely answer is a fossil fish, and why is this even a question? However, was that answer a matter of observational science, historical science, or is that a invalid distinction to begin with, abused by creationists to allow for their untethered fabrications to be presented as equal alternatives to scientific rigor?
What seems obvious now was by no means as self-apparent to prior generations. From Aristotle to the 1600’s, the dominant opinion was that these were never alive but were impressions made in the earth for various reasons, given that fish do not swim in rock and trees do not grow deep underground. English naturalist John Ray in 1692 was the first to argue with vigor that everything in nature exists for a reason and purpose, and so fossils would not be pointless buried reliefs.
Nature makes nothing in vain. But these teeth, were they just formed in the Earth, would be in vain; for they could not have any use of teeth… Nature never made teeth without a Jaw, nor Shells without an Animal inhabitant, nor single Bones.
Others added their reasons for fossils having once been alive, and few today would even recall there was ever any dissent. So is that observational or historical science, or is that an altogether spurious question? How do you know that was a living fish, after all, were you there? Perhaps you are just believing what you have been taught by vain and arrogant scientists who proclaim that such a fossil was once a living fish, afraid to express their real doubts and risk their careers. Most people, though, would be on team fossil, and would reply that they know a fish when they see it.
Life leaves its impression upon the earth, documenting its existence by a record of fossils, remains, minerals, and incorporating the chemical and isotopic composition of environmental ingredients. Much more than an impression is observed and analyzed. Just as important, the matrix by which a fossil is formed also offers troves of observable information spanning the granular to the formation as a whole. From the imprint to isotopic analysis, it is all observational science.
